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        Linux下强制杀死进程的方法(进程管理)
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    <p><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/liaojie970/p/7131043.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Linux下强制杀死进程的方法</a>(进程管理)</p>
<p>常规篇：</p>
<p>　首先，用ps查看进程，方法如下：</p>
<p>$ ps -ef</p>
<p>……</p>
<p>smx 1822 1 0 11:38 ? 00:00:49 gnome-terminal</p>
<p>smx 1823 1822 0 11:38 ? 00:00:00 gnome-pty-helper</p>
<p>smx 1824 1822 0 11:38 pts/0 00:00:02 bash</p>
<p>smx 1827 1 4 11:38 ? 00:26:28 /usr/lib/firefox-3.6.18/firefox-bin</p>
<p>smx 1857 1822 0 11:38 pts/1 00:00:00 bash</p>
<p>smx 1880 1619 0 11:38 ? 00:00:00 update-notifier</p>
<p>……</p>
<p>smx 11946 1824 0 21:41 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef</p>
<p>或者：</p>
<p>$ ps -aux</p>
<p>……</p>
<p>smx 1822 0.1 0.8 58484 18152 ? Sl 11:38 0:49 gnome-terminal</p>
<p>smx 1823 0.0 0.0 1988 712 ? S 11:38 0:00 gnome-pty-helper</p>
<p>smx 1824 0.0 0.1 6820 3776 pts/0 Ss 11:38 0:02 bash</p>
<p>smx 1827 4.3 5.8 398196 119568 ? Sl 11:38 26:13 /usr/lib/firefox-3.6.18/firefox-bin</p>
<p>smx 1857 0.0 0.1 6688 3644 pts/1 Ss 11:38 0:00 bash</p>
<p>smx 1880 0.0 0.6 41536 12620 ? S 11:38 0:00 update-notifier</p>
<p>……</p>
<p>smx 11953 0.0 0.0 2716 1064 pts/0 R+ 21:42 0:00 ps -aux</p>
<p>此时如果我想杀了火狐的进程就在终端输入：</p>
<p>$ kill -s 9 1827</p>
<p>其中-s 9 制定了传递给进程的信号是９，即强制、尽快终止进程。各个终止信号及其作用见附录。</p>
<p>1827则是上面ps查到的火狐的PID。</p>
<p>简单吧，但有个问题，进程少了则无所谓，进程多了，就会觉得痛苦了，无论是ps -ef 还是ps -aux，每次都要在一大串进程信息里面查找到要杀的进程，看的眼都花了。</p>
<p>进阶篇：</p>
<p>改进１：</p>
<p>把ps的查询结果通过管道给grep查找包含特定字符串的进程。管道符“|”用来隔开两个命令，管道符左边命令的输出会作为管道符右边命令的输入。</p>
<p>$ ps -ef | grep firefox</p>
<p>smx 1827 1 4 11:38 ? 00:27:33 /usr/lib/firefox-3.6.18/firefox-bin</p>
<p>smx 12029 1824 0 21:54 pts/0 00:00:00 grep –color=auto firefox</p>
<p>这次就清爽了。然后就是</p>
<p>$kill -s 9 1827</p>
<p>改进２——使用pgrep：</p>
<p>一看到pgrep首先会想到什么？没错，grep！pgrep的p表明了这个命令是专门用于进程查询的grep。</p>
<p>$ pgrep firefox</p>
<p>1827</p>
<p>看到了什么？没错火狐的PID，接下来又要打字了：</p>
<p>$kill -s 9 1827</p>
<p>改进３——使用pidof：</p>
<p>看到pidof想到啥？没错pid of xx，字面翻译过来就是 xx的PID。</p>
<p>$ pidof firefox-bin</p>
<p>1827</p>
<p>和pgrep相比稍显不足的是，pidof必须给出进程的全名。然后就是老生常谈：</p>
<p>$kill -s 9 1827</p>
<p>无论使用ps 然后慢慢查找进程PID 还是用grep查找包含相应字符串的进程，亦或者用pgrep直接查找包含相应字符串的进程ＰＩＤ，然后手动输入给ｋｉｌｌ杀掉</p>
<p>改进４：</p>
<p>$ps -ef | grep firefox | grep -v grep | cut -c 9-15 | xargs kill -s 9</p>
<p>说明：</p>
<p>“grep firefox”的输出结果是，所有含有关键字“firefox”的进程。</p>
<p>“grep -v grep”是在列出的进程中去除含有关键字“grep”的进程。</p>
<p>“cut -c 9-15”是截取输入行的第9个字符到第15个字符，而这正好是进程号PID。</p>
<p>“xargs kill -s 9”中的xargs命令是用来把前面命令的输出结果（PID）作为“kill -s 9”命令的参数，并执行该命令。“kill -s 9”会强行杀掉指定进程。</p>
<p>改进５：</p>
<p>知道pgrep和pidof两个命令，干嘛还要打那么长一串！</p>
<p>$ pgrep firefox | xargs kill -s 9</p>
<p>改进６：</p>
<p>$ ps -ef | grep firefox | awk ‘{print $2}’ | xargs kill -9</p>
<p>kill: No such process</p>
<p>有一个比较郁闷的地方，进程已经正确找到并且终止了，但是执行完却提示找不到进程。</p>
<p>其中awk ‘{print $2}’ 的作用就是打印（print）出第二列的内容。根据常规篇，可以知道ps输出的第二列正好是PID。就把进程相应的PID通过xargs传递给kill作参数，杀掉对应的进程。</p>
<p>改进７：</p>
<p>难道每次都要调用xargs把PID传递给kill？答案是否定的：</p>
<p>$kill -s 9 <code>ps -aux | grep firefox | awk &#39;{print $2}&#39;</code></p>
<p>改进８：</p>
<p>没错，命令依然有点长，换成pgrep。</p>
<p>$kill -s 9 <code>pgrep firefox</code></p>
<p>改进9——pkill：</p>
<p>看到pkill想到了什么？没错pgrep和kill！pkill＝pgrep+kill。</p>
<p>$pkill -９ firefox</p>
<p>说明：”-9” 即发送的信号是9，pkill与kill在这点的差别是：pkill无须 “ｓ”，终止信号等级直接跟在 “-“ 后面。之前我一直以为是 “-s 9”，结果每次运行都无法终止进程。</p>
<p>改进10——killall：</p>
<p>killall和pkill是相似的,不过如果给出的进程名不完整，killall会报错。pkill或者pgrep只要给出进程名的一部分就可以终止进程。</p>
<p>$killall -9 firefox</p>
<p>附录：各种信号及其用途</p>
<p>Signal</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Description</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Signal number on Linux x86[1]  </p>
<p>—|—|—  </p>
<p>SIGABRT</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Process aborted</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>6  </p>
<p>SIGALRM</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Signal raised by alarm</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>14  </p>
<p>SIGBUS</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Bus error: “access to undefined portion of memory object”</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>7  </p>
<p>SIGCHLD</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Child process terminated, stopped (or continued*)</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>17  </p>
<p>SIGCONT</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Continue if stopped</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>18  </p>
<p>SIGFPE</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Floating point exception: “erroneous arithmetic operation”</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>8  </p>
<p>SIGHUP</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Hangup</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>1  </p>
<p>SIGILL</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Illegal instruction</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>4  </p>
<p>SIGINT</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Interrupt</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>2  </p>
<p>SIGKILL</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Kill (terminate immediately)</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>9  </p>
<p>SIGPIPE</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Write to pipe with no one reading</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>13  </p>
<p>SIGQUIT</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Quit and dump core</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>3  </p>
<p>SIGSEGV</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Segmentation violation</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>11  </p>
<p>SIGSTOP</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Stop executing temporarily</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>19  </p>
<p>SIGTERM</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Termination (request to terminate)</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>15  </p>
<p>SIGTSTP</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Terminal stop signal</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>20  </p>
<p>SIGTTIN</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Background process attempting to read from tty (“in”)</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>21  </p>
<p>SIGTTOU</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Background process attempting to write to tty (“out”)</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>22  </p>
<p>SIGUSR1</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>User-defined 1</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>10  </p>
<p>SIGUSR2</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>User-defined 2</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>12  </p>
<p>SIGPOLL</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Pollable event</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>29  </p>
<p>SIGPROF</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Profiling timer expired</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>27  </p>
<p>SIGSYS</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Bad syscall</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>31  </p>
<p>SIGTRAP</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Trace/breakpoint trap</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>5  </p>
<p>SIGURG</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Urgent data available on socket</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>23  </p>
<p>SIGVTALRM</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>Signal raised by timer counting virtual time: “virtual timer expired”</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>26  </p>
<p>SIGXCPU</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>CPU time limit exceeded</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>24  </p>
<p>SIGXFSZ</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>File size limit exceeded</p>
<p>| </p>
<p>25  </p>

  </div>
</article>



        
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